Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan, a central Asian country and therefore the last Soviet republic, reaches Altai Mountain within the East East with China and Russia from the Caspian Sea within the west. Its largest town, Almaty, may be a long-standing center purpose, whose historical purpose includes the Eschen Cathedral, a tsarists-period Orthodox Church and therefore the Central State repository of Kazakh, that may be a sizable amount of Kazakh ancient objects to indicate.
Kazakhstan is formally a good, mainstream, unitary, protected republic with a special social heritage. Kazakh enters the outskirts of Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbek and land. The landscape of Kazakh includes flat areas, steppe, taiga, shake ray, slopes, deltas, snowy mountains and deserts. Kazakh is anticipated to own eighteen million folks, ranging from 2014. Considering its massive area, its population is that the lowest, the population is half-dozen persons (15 persons per sq. mile) for every sq. metric linear unit. The capital is Astana, wherever it had been transferred from the country's largest town of urban center in 1997.
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan,is a transcontinental landlocked country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Astana, known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, was the country's capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest country by land area and the world's largest landlocked country. It has a population of 19 million people and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometer (16 people/sq mi). Ethnic Kazakhs constitute a majority of the population, while ethnic Russians form a significant minority. Officially secular, Kazakhstan is a Muslim-majority country, although ethnic Russians in the country form a sizeable Christian community.
The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In antiquity, the ancient Iranian nomadic Scythians inhabited the land, and the Achaemenid Persian Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First Turkic Khaganate and the Second Turkic Khaganate, have inhabited the country from as early as the 6th century. In the 13th century, the territory was subjugated by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. In the 15th century, as a result of disintegration of the Golden Horde, the Kazakh Khanate was established on much of the lands that would later form the territory of modern Kazakhstan.
By the 18th century, Kazakh Khanate disintegrated into three jüz which were absorbed and conquered by the Russian Empire; by the mid-19th century, the Russians nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire and liberated all of the slaves that the Kazakhs had captured in 1859.Following the 1917 Russian Revolution and subsequent outbreak of the Russian Civil War, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganized several times. In 1936, it was established as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991. Human rights organizations have described the Kazakh government as authoritarian, and regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.
The country dominates Central Asia economically and politically, generating 60 percent of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry; it also has vast mineral resources.It is de jure a democratic, unitary, constitutional republic; however, it is de facto an authoritarian regime] with no free elections.] Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization and political reform since the 2019 resignation of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, such as imposing a presidential term limit, decentralization, transferring more powers to Parliament, greater representational government, and the complete abolition of the death penalty.
Kazakhstan has the highest Human Development Index ranking in the region. Kazakhstan is a member state of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Commonwealth of Independent States, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Union, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Organization of Turkic States, and International Organization of Turkic Culture.
